zondag 9 oktober 2011

What do we know about the inspiration and imagination of Charlotte Bronte?


Charlotte told Mrs. Gaskell of her desire "amounting almost to illness" to express herself as the result of visuel stimulation. At first she wanted  to learn to express her ideas by drawing, but after she had tried to draw stories and not succeeded, she took the better mode of writing. The unhappiness and uncertainty of her early childhood predisposed Charlotte to escape more than most children into the world of imagination. 



As a girl, Charlotte longed to become an artist and - perhaps because she was so shortsighted - examined the engravings with her eyes close to the paper, as if she saw something that others were missing. Brought up, as Bewick had been, on country ghost stories, she responded in particular to his eerie scenes of night and demons. When he died in 1828 she wrote a poem, imagining his traveller on the dreary moor and his chill picture of the surf crashing at sea:
There rises some lone rock all wet with surge 
And dashing billows glimmering in the light 
From clouds that veil their lustre, cold and bright.
Of a wan moon, whose silent rays emerge 
The earliest of Charlotte's drawings  include many copies of Bewick's woodcuts.





Jane Eyre:
I returned to my book—Bewick's “History of British Birds:” the letter-press there of I cared little for, generally speaking; and yet there were certain introductory pages that, child as I was, I could not pass quite as a blank. They were those which treat of the haunts of sea-fowl; of “the solitary rocks and promontories” by them only inhabited; of the coast of Norway, studded with isles from its southern extremity, the Lindeness, or Naze, to the North Cape—
Where the Northern Ocean, 
in vast whirls,
 Boils round the naked, 
melancholy isles
Of farthest Thule; 
and the Atlantic surge
Pours in among the stormy Hebrides,”
Nor could I pass unnoticed the suggestion of the bleak shores of Lapland, Siberia, SpitzbergenNova Zembla, Iceland, Greenland, with “the vast sweep of the Arctic Zone, and those forlorn regions of dreary space—that reservoir of frost and snow, where firm fields of ice, the accumulations, of centuries of winters, glazed in Alpine heights above heights, surround the pole, and concenter the multiplied rigors of extreme cold.” Of these death-white realms I formed an idea of my own; shadowy, like all the half-comprehended notions that float dim through children's brains, but strangely impressive. The words in these introductory pages connected themselves with the succeeding vignettes, and gave significance to the rock standing up alone in a sea of billow and spray; to the broken boat stranded on a desolate coast; to the cold and ghastly moon glancing through bars of cloud at a wreck just sinking.
I can not tell what sentiment haunted the quite solitary church-yard, with its inscribed head-stone; its gate, its two trees, its low horizon, girdled by a broken wall, and its newly-risen crescent, attesting the hour of eventide.
The two ships becalmed on a torpid sea, I believed to be marine phantoms. The fiend pinning down the thief's pack behind him, I passed over quickly: it was an object of terror. So was the black, horned thing seated aloof on a rock, surveying a distant crowd surrounding a gallows. Each picture told a story; mysterious often to my undeveloped understanding and imperfect feelings, yet ever profoundly interesting: as interesting as the tales Bessie sometimes narrated on winter evenings, when she chanced to be in good humor; and when, having brought her ironing-table to the nursery-hearth, she allowed us to sit about it, and while she got up Mrs. Reed's lace frills, and crimped her night-cap borders, fed our eager attention with passages of love and adventure taken from old fairy tales and other ballads; or (as at a later period I discovered) from the pages of “Pamela,” and “Henry, Earl of Moreland.”
With Bewick on my knee, 
I was then happy: 
happy at least in my way.

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